Graphene, with its excellent conductivity and thermal properties, is being applied in the development of heating pillows. Here is an overview of the technological principle behind this innovation:

1. Graphene Conductive Layer: Within the heating pillow, a layer of graphene, typically in the form of a thin film or coating, is used. Graphene possesses superb electrical conductivity, allowing for efficient conduction of electric current.

2. Electrical Current Flow: By connecting a power source, an electrical current is introduced into the graphene conductive layer. Once energized, the graphene layer quickly and uniformly conducts the current throughout its surface.

3. Conversion of Electrical Energy: When current flows through the graphene conductive layer, electrical energy is converted into heat energy. This is due to graphene's low resistance, resulting in the Joule heating effect.

4. Thermal Conduction: The converted heat energy is rapidly conducted from the graphene layer to the contacting object, specifically the surface of the pillow. The high thermal conductivity of graphene enables fast and even distribution of heat.

5. Thermal Radiation: After thermal conduction, the surface of the pillow radiates the accumulated heat energy, resulting in an elevation of temperature and providing warmth.

5. Thermal Radiation: After thermal conduction, the surface of the pillow radiates the accumulated heat energy, resulting in an elevation of temperature and providing warmth.

By employing this technology, graphene-based heating pillows achieve fast heating and maintain a uniform distribution of temperature, offering a comfortable and adjustable warmth experience. Additionally, the high conductivity and durability of graphene contribute to the efficiency and long lifespan of this heating technology.